What is glutathione?
Glutathione is the body’s main antioxidant, made inside almost every cell. It is a tiny peptide of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine and glycine.
It is sold as capsules, liposomal liquids, IV drips and injections, often marketed for “detox,” energy and brighter skin.
What does glutathione do?
Glutathione neutralizes free radicals, unstable molecules that damage cells, and helps the liver break down toxins and drugs. It also recycles other antioxidants like vitamins C and E.
Levels drop with age, illness, smoking and heavy drinking, which is why supplements are popular.
What does the research on glutathione show?
Oral glutathione was long thought to be broken down in the gut, but a six-month randomized trial found daily supplements did raise glutathione in blood and cells. Whether that improves health is a separate question that hasn’t been answered.
IV glutathione is used in some hospitals, and small studies have tested it in conditions like Parkinson’s disease without clear benefit. There are no good trials showing injections lighten skin safely.
Glutathione side effects and risks
Oral glutathione is generally well tolerated; reported side effects include bloating, cramps and, rarely, allergic reactions. Inhaled glutathione can trigger wheezing in people with asthma.
Injections carry more risk. Regulators have warned about effects on the liver, kidneys and nerves, serious skin reactions, and infections from non-sterile injections, especially when used for skin whitening.
Is glutathione legal?
Yes, glutathione is sold legally as a dietary supplement in the US, and supplements aren’t checked by the FDA for effectiveness. No injectable product is approved for skin lightening, and the US FDA and the Philippine FDA have warned consumers against injectable skin-whitening products.